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Under Unix, the operating system consists of many of these utilities along with the master control program, the kernel. The kernel provides services to start and stop programs, handle the file system and other common low level tasks that most programs share, and, perhaps most importantly, schedules access to hardware to avoid conflicts if two programs try to access the same resource or device simultaneously. Unix also popularized the hierarchical file system with arbitrarily nested subdirectories, originally introduced by Multics. Other common operating systems of the era had ways to divide a storage device into multiple directories or sections, but they had a fixed number of levels, often only one level. Several major proprietary operating systems eventually added recursive subdirectory capabilities also patterned after Multics. In computing, the X Window System (commonly X11 or X) is a display protocol which provides windowing on bitmap displays. It provides the standard toolkit and protocol with which to build graphical user interfaces (GUIs) on most Unix-like operating systems and OpenVMS, and has been ported to all other contemporary general purpose operating systems. The precursor to GUIs was invented by researchers at the Stanford Research Institute, led by Douglas Engelbart. They developed the use of text-based hyperlinks manipulated with a mouse for the On-Line System. The concept of hyperlinks was further refined and extended to graphics by researchers at Xerox PARC, who went beyond text-based hyperlinks and used a GUI as the primary interface for the Xerox Alto computer. Most modern general-purpose GUIs are derived from this system. A GUI uses a combination of technologies and devices to provide a platform the user can interact with, for the tasks of gathering and producing information. The most common combination in GUIs is the WIMP paradigm. This style of interaction uses a physical input device to control the position of a cursor and presents information organized in windows and represented with icons. |
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WEB CATALOG: 21ma DirectoryProvides a search from Yahoo! and directory fromthe Open Directory, with added advertising.21ma Directory Description: Provides a search from Yahoo! and directory fromthe Open Directory, with added advertising. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - 2 - Other22 URL: http://www.21ma.com AD Chicago Description: Directory using ODP data restricted to Chicago, Illinois. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - A - Other35 URL: http://adchicago.com Blutensenzen Infozentrum Description: German health site uses entire ODP directory. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - B - Other50 URL: http://www.essenzen.net CEOExpress Description: Portal using a webdirectory from the ODP (POD). Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - C - Other83 URL: http://www.ceoexpress.com directorylistings.info Description: A searchable directory based on the Open Directory, which gives prominence to category descriptions. Integrated website snapshots from Thumbshots and advertising by Google. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - D - Other47 URL: http://www.directorylistings.info Dolally Description: Directory using the ODP, together with news and favourites. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - D - Other52 URL: http://www.dolally.com Free Pint Description: Newsletter with tips on using the internet for serious research, posted twice a month. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Mailing Lists - Cms Other36 URL: http://www.freepint.com Genesis of the Open Directory Project Description: Slides from a talk about early ODP history by founder Rich Skrenta. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Cms Other43 URL: http://www.inetdevgrp.org GoForIt.com Description: Searchable directory using the ODP. Search results include a cached copy of each page listed, and links to older copies in the Internet Archive and site details from Alexa. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - G - Other58 URL: http://www.goforit.com Hours Parser Description: Test your hours string ahead of time with ChefMoz's interactive hours parser. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Tools for Editors - ChefMoz Editors - C27 URL: http://chefmoz.org Info-England.net Description: Directory using ODP data from the England regional branch. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - I - Cms Other42 URL: http://www.info-england.net Infospot Description: More than 3000 links to study information, activities, careers and jobs, accommodations, entertainment, media and technology, and other student-related services, mostly in the UK. Searchable. Live data. Anaconda. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - I - Cms Other47 URL: http://www.infospot.com JasmineCorp Directory Description: Directory using ODP data with added advertising. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - J - Cms Other70 URL: http://jcsearch.com JoeAnt Description: General directory listing sites by ratings. Uses icons to aid content selection. Founded by former Go.com volunteers. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Volunteer-Edited - Cms Other73 URL: http://www.joeant.com Jollyroger.com Description: Forums and chat rooms for classic books and their authors. Includes a directory using live data from the ODP. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - J - Cms Other74 URL: http://jollyroger.com Kartoo Description: Displays results in chart or classic list form. Options include different language interfaces and basic or expert version. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Metasearch - Cms Other80 URL: http://www.kartoo.com KillerInfo Description: Search tool with a side bar that categorizes subjects within the results. Provides choice of channels including news, reference and business. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Metasearch - Cms Other82 URL: http://www.killerinfo.com Live PageRank Description: Displays the current PageRank value in the Google index for different data centers. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Tools - Cms Other24 URL: http://livepr.raketforskning.com Lunchspark Description: Uses the data sets for several of the larger countries, with full attribution. Searchable by area, and also includes a lunch buddy search. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Tools for Editors - ChefMoz Editors - Cms Other31 URL: http://www.lunchspark.com News about Google Description: This news log from Coding the Web aims to record all references to Google on the Internet. Its content can be syndicated using the freely available XML feeds. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - News and Media - Cms Other87 URL: http://www.codingtheweb.com NodeWorks Description: Offers an online link checker, which is tested on a copy of the Open Directory, to which site previews have been added, from Thumbshots, and advertising from Google. There is also a copy of Wikipedia. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - N - Cms Other91 URL: http://www.nodeworks.com Northern Light Description: Provides search and content integration solutions for enterprises and individuals, includes services and technology licensing details. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Providers - Cms Other93 URL: http://www.northernlight.com Pileiton Business Web Directory Description: Businesses listed in a hierarchy of two category levels, with submitter-supplied titles and description. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Cms Other52 URL: http://www.pileiton.com RankSearchEngine.com Description: Directory based on the Open Directory, with ntegrated website snapshots from Thumbshots. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - R - Cms Other75 URL: http://www.ranksearchengine.com ResearchBuzz Description: Tara Calishain reports on the world of internet research. Provides updates on search engines, data managing software, browser technology, large compendiums of information, and web directories. Free and for-fee email newsletters available. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Mailing Lists - Cms Other83 URL: http://www.researchbuzz.com Shopseek Description: Shopping directory that also uses the entire ODP directory. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - S - Cms Other68 URL: http://www.shopseek.com The Search Lounge: Zeal.com, R.I.P. Description: A former member of LookSmart?s editorial management team reflects on the demise of Zeal. (March 23, 2006) Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Volunteer-Edited - Zeal - Cms Other66 URL: http://www.searchlounge.org Twirly Description: Provides affiliate searches of shopping sites, a search of About.com and directory from ODP, using Anaconda. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - T - Cms Other89 URL: http://www.twirly.com Urania Meta Search Portal Description: Directory based on live ODP data, with heavy advertising added from Google, Ebay and other sources. Accepts submissions free. Google search box. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - U - Cms Other99 URL: http://www.astro-search.net Webeverything.co.uk Description: A portal with scrolling news and a directory based on the Open Directory. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - W - Cms Other35 URL: http://www.webeverything.co.uk Zenbit Description: Aims to present the Open Directory in a clear format with intuitive navigation. Advertising added. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - Z - Cms Other86 URL: http://www.zenbit.com |
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