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Under Unix, the operating system consists of many of these utilities along with the master control program, the kernel. The kernel provides services to start and stop programs, handle the file system and other common low level tasks that most programs share, and, perhaps most importantly, schedules access to hardware to avoid conflicts if two programs try to access the same resource or device simultaneously. Unix also popularized the hierarchical file system with arbitrarily nested subdirectories, originally introduced by Multics. Other common operating systems of the era had ways to divide a storage device into multiple directories or sections, but they had a fixed number of levels, often only one level. Several major proprietary operating systems eventually added recursive subdirectory capabilities also patterned after Multics. In computing, the X Window System (commonly X11 or X) is a display protocol which provides windowing on bitmap displays. It provides the standard toolkit and protocol with which to build graphical user interfaces (GUIs) on most Unix-like operating systems and OpenVMS, and has been ported to all other contemporary general purpose operating systems. The precursor to GUIs was invented by researchers at the Stanford Research Institute, led by Douglas Engelbart. They developed the use of text-based hyperlinks manipulated with a mouse for the On-Line System. The concept of hyperlinks was further refined and extended to graphics by researchers at Xerox PARC, who went beyond text-based hyperlinks and used a GUI as the primary interface for the Xerox Alto computer. Most modern general-purpose GUIs are derived from this system. A GUI uses a combination of technologies and devices to provide a platform the user can interact with, for the tasks of gathering and producing information. The most common combination in GUIs is the WIMP paradigm. This style of interaction uses a physical input device to control the position of a cursor and presents information organized in windows and represented with icons. |
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WEB CATALOG: Search IndexingSearch Tools Consulting explains how the search engine programs called robots or spiders work, and reviews related sites.All About Search Indexing Robots and Spiders Description: Search Tools Consulting explains how the search engine programs called 'robots' or 'spiders' work, and reviews related sites. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Robots - Other66 URL: http://www.searchtools.com Australian Local Search Description: Online directory for Australian businesses, created in alliance with Yahoo! Australia and NZ. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Yahoo - Cms Other23 URL: http://www.australianlocalsearch.com.au BestSearchers.com Description: Links to selected search engines, and a directory using live data from the ODP. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - B - Other33 URL: http://www.bestsearchers.com Dolally Description: Directory using the ODP, together with news and favourites. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - D - Cms Other52 URL: http://www.dolally.com gGoogle search Description: Ad and cookie free Google search. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Tools - Cms Other51 URL: http://www.ki4bbo.org Google Guide Description: Interactive online tutorial on using the search engine includes tips and information on new services and features. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Cms Other74 URL: http://www.googleguide.com Google's Pagerank Explained Description: Paper by Phil Craven, in which he provides theories on how PR is calculated and the importance of internal, dangling, inbound, and outbound links. With PR calculator. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Cms Other84 URL: http://www.webworkshop.net Homeschool SuperSearch Description: Filtered, family-safe search engine and directory. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Family Friendly - Cms Other22 URL: http://www.homeschoolsupersearch.net JasmineCorp Directory Description: Directory using ODP data with added advertising. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - J - Cms Other70 URL: http://jcsearch.com J?enes del Mundo Description: Uses ODP categories provided and modified by I-une. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - J - Cms Other75 URL: http://www.jovenesdelmundo.org Kitez Description: A specialist directory of kite-related sites based on ODP data, which uses a DNS search interface to find kite sites via the user's own browser. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - K - Cms Other85 URL: http://www.kitez.com Meta Web Search Description: Providing search results from multiple sources and site submission. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Multi-Search - Cms Other49 URL: http://www.metawebsearch.com Monster Crawler Description: Parallel search powered by InfoSpace, plus links to some popular sites. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Metasearch - InfoSpace - Cms Other61 URL: http://www.monstercrawler.com OpenHere Network Description: Extensive database of sites. Does not accept links to sites deemed inappropriate for minors. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Family Friendly - Cms Other26 URL: http://www.openhere.com PageRank Calculator Description: Online graphic PR calculator. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Tools - Cms Other30 URL: http://www.webworkshop.net rfresource.com Description: Radio frequency site uses business category of ODP directory. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - R - Cms Other92 URL: http://www.rfresource.com San Jose Business Journal Description: Online directories beginning to charge (May 3, 1999) Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - News and Media - 1999 - Cms Other99 URL: http://www.amcity.com Search Engine Position Tool Description: Utility based on the Google API to track keyword placement and back link data for an infinite number of keywords/URLs. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Tools - Cms Other34 URL: http://www.digitalpoint.com Slashdot: The GnuHoo Booboo Description: Angry mob of readers force name change to NewHoo. This was before the ODP was Open Content. (June 23, 1998) Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - News and Media - 1998 - Cms Other81 URL: http://slashdot.org SportSmarts Description: Directory listing fan sites, game rules and official sites. Includes data from the Sports category of the ODP. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - S - Cms Other98 URL: http://www.sportsmarts.net Stadtaus: Google Dance Tool PHP Script Description: A PHP script to compare the results of the three Google servers www, www2 and www3 at a glance. The tool can be downloaded and used without charge or registration. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Tools - Cms Other23 URL: http://www.stadtaus.com Talkdirectory Description: Uses ODP directory with Thumbshots. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - T - Cms Other46 URL: http://www.talkdirectory.com Texas Lone Star Description: Uses ODP directory with Thumbshots. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - T - Cms Other49 URL: http://www.texaslonestar.info The Amazing Picture Machine Description: Index to graphical resources and maps on the internet. Database of all types of images suitable for children. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Specialized - Images - Cms Other51 URL: http://www.ncrtec.org The Idealist's Portal Description: Directory and co-branded ZZN email. Live data. Anaconda. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - I - Cms Other57 URL: http://www.idealist.com The Internet Tourbus Description: Free email newsletter by Bob Rankin and Patrick Crispen published twice a week, covering search engines, spam, viruses, cookies, urban legends and useful websites. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Mailing Lists - Cms Other58 URL: http://www.tourbus.com Tulips and Bears Description: Financial portal using ODP data in its TulipSearch directory. Live data. Anaconda. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - T - Cms Other82 URL: http://www.tulipsandbears.com Twirly Description: Provides affiliate searches of shopping sites, a search of About.com and directory from ODP, using Anaconda. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - T - Cms Other89 URL: http://www.twirly.com WorldSearch Description: Shopping Web site also includes search engine and directory from the ODP RDF dumps. Popular categories are updated daily. Site is working to enhance ODP content by page sizes and update dates, as well as page previews. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - W - Cms Other66 URL: http://www.worldsearch.com Wunder Directory Description: Presents the Open Directory in rearranged format, with quick navigation on the left to all the top level categories. Adds links to site information from Alexa. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - W - Cms Other68 URL: http://www.wunderdirectory.com Xhoo Description: A collaborative project whose goal is to create Open Source Web Catalog software for various platforms and languages that can selectively import data from the Open Directory Project. Early releases are currently available for Perl, ASP, and PHP. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Use of ODP Data - Upload Tools - Cms Other71 URL: http://www.webreference.com |
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