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Under Unix, the operating system consists of many of these utilities along with the master control program, the kernel. The kernel provides services to start and stop programs, handle the file system and other common low level tasks that most programs share, and, perhaps most importantly, schedules access to hardware to avoid conflicts if two programs try to access the same resource or device simultaneously. Unix also popularized the hierarchical file system with arbitrarily nested subdirectories, originally introduced by Multics. Other common operating systems of the era had ways to divide a storage device into multiple directories or sections, but they had a fixed number of levels, often only one level. Several major proprietary operating systems eventually added recursive subdirectory capabilities also patterned after Multics. In computing, the X Window System (commonly X11 or X) is a display protocol which provides windowing on bitmap displays. It provides the standard toolkit and protocol with which to build graphical user interfaces (GUIs) on most Unix-like operating systems and OpenVMS, and has been ported to all other contemporary general purpose operating systems. The precursor to GUIs was invented by researchers at the Stanford Research Institute, led by Douglas Engelbart. They developed the use of text-based hyperlinks manipulated with a mouse for the On-Line System. The concept of hyperlinks was further refined and extended to graphics by researchers at Xerox PARC, who went beyond text-based hyperlinks and used a GUI as the primary interface for the Xerox Alto computer. Most modern general-purpose GUIs are derived from this system. A GUI uses a combination of technologies and devices to provide a platform the user can interact with, for the tasks of gathering and producing information. The most common combination in GUIs is the WIMP paradigm. This style of interaction uses a physical input device to control the position of a cursor and presents information organized in windows and represented with icons. |
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WEB CATALOG: All About Search IndexingSearch Tools Consulting explains how the search engine programs called 'robots' or 'spiders' work, and reviews related sites.All About Search Indexing Robots and Spiders Description: Search Tools Consulting explains how the search engine programs called 'robots' or 'spiders' work, and reviews related sites. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Robots - Other66 URL: http://www.searchtools.com AllTheWeb Description: Search tool owned by Yahoo and using its database, but presenting results differently. Also offers news, picture, video, and audio search. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Yahoo - Other74 URL: http://www.alltheweb.com An Open Directory Resource Description: A Web directory using an old copy of the Open Directory, with affiliate Amazon shopping banners and links added. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - O - Other83 URL: http://www.aodr.com DevilFinder Description: Search tool which shows Google results arranged 100 per page. Also has an image search which displays images full size, and a choice of news headlines from a variety of sources. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Tools - Other36 URL: http://www.devilfinder.com Emm Description: A configurable tool to query 25+ search engines or databases without retyping your question. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Multi-Search - Cms Other70 URL: http://www.emm.ie/ FirstGov Search Description: The U.S. Government's official search engine. Find information from federal, state, local, tribal and territorial governments. Meta-search special government databases. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Cms Other21 URL: http://www.firstgovsearch.gov/ General Supplies Description: A directory of suppliers of office and industrial supplies, using Open Directory Business listings, together with links to product pages of The Betty Mills Company. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - G - Other42 URL: http://www.general-supplies.com Google Alert Description: Monitors professional interests online. Tracks the web for topics and sends new Google results by daily email. Not affiliated with Google. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Tools - Cms Other68 URL: http://www.googlealert.com Google Groups Simplifier Description: Simplifies Google Groups' URLs for easier inclusion in e-mails/posts/web pages. With bookmarklet. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Google Groups - Cms Other73 URL: http://www.bleb.org Google Press Releases Description: Contains contact information, external news items, press releases, a corporate overview, and an image gallery. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - News and Media - Cms Other77 URL: http://www.google.com Instant Directory Description: HTML code to add the Open Directory to a web site, with banner ads. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Use of ODP Data - Upload Tools - Cms Other50 URL: http://www.instantdirectory.net La Toile des Toiles Description: Provides collection of governmental, financial, commercial, Web, and educational links for each country. Interface in English and French. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Cms Other88 URL: http://www.la-toile.com LifeByte.net Description: Uses the larger cities in the Canadian dataset. Partial attribution. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Tools for Editors - ChefMoz Editors - Cms Other99 URL: http://www.lifebyte.net Messagetalk Description: Portal uses ODP directory with Thumbshots. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - M - Cms Other48 URL: http://www.messagetalk.com Net Art: AdWords Happening Description: The author describes his attempt to use AdWords as a means to distribute poetry and how he was eventually thwarted. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Cms Other78 URL: http://www.iterature.com Netcraft Web Site Finder Description: Searches domain registrations that contain certain words, strings, or characters. Reports a site's operating system, web server, and netblock owner. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Specialized - Cms Other79 URL: http://www.netcraft.com OnWashington Description: The Washington Post's local, customized page for the Metro D.C. area. RDF dump. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - O - Cms Other22 URL: http://www.washingtonpost.com Restaurant Guide UK Description: Uses the entire ChefMoz dataset with inserted ads, and attribution. Focusing on United Kingdom locations. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Tools for Editors - ChefMoz Editors - Cms Other85 URL: http://www.restaurant-guide-uk.com Search Engine Laisha's List Description: The history of the Open Directory Project. (June 1, 1999) Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - News and Media - 1999 - Cms Other33 URL: http://www.laisha.com Search Engine Terms Description: A multi-lingual glossary of search engine terms as suggested by members of the I-Search Digest. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Help and Tutorials - Cms Other37 URL: http://www.cadenza.org Search-22 Description: Directory of Internet sources that provides categorized all-in-one search forms in sets of 22. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Multi-Search - Cms Other43 URL: http://www.search-22.com Sex Hill Description: Web directory using the ODP Adult category. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - S - Cms Other67 URL: http://www.sex-hill.com Sitemap Generator Description: Online utility to create Google sitemaps in an XML format. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Tools - Cms Other74 URL: http://www.auditmypc.com Slashdot: The GnuHoo Booboo Description: Angry mob of readers force name change to NewHoo. This was before the ODP was Open Content. (June 23, 1998) Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - News and Media - 1998 - Cms Other81 URL: http://slashdot.org Sublego.com Description: Directory using ODP data, plus searchable news feed from the BBC and weather in selected cities. Choice of English and Swedish interfaces. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - S - Cms Other32 URL: http://www.sublego.com The Digital Librarian Description: Margaret Vail Anderson, librarian in Cortland, New York, has collected hundreds of her favorite resources. Text-only website. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Family Friendly - Cms Other53 URL: http://www.digital-librarian.com The Google Dance Syndrome, Part 1 Description: Examines Google's update process and its effects on search engine optimization. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Search Engines - Google - Cms Other55 URL: http://www.clickz.com Travel in Europe Description: Guide to travel in Europe with data from the ODP. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - T - Cms Other80 URL: http://www.travel-in-europe.info Turiste Directory Description: Uses modified ODP data in its directory. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - T - Cms Other85 URL: http://www.turiste.com Webring.it Description: Directory using ODP data modified by Dwop with Thumbshots. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - W - Cms Other40 URL: http://www.webring.it World Famous Comics Description: Uses ODP data powered by Thumbshots to guide visitors to comic book, anime, manga, and other related hobby sites and resources. Category: 6. 2. 2012. - Directories - Open Directory Project - Sites Using ODP Data - W - Cms Other61 URL: http://www.worldfamouscomics.com |
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